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Origin of the Proto-Indo-European Tribes

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Abstract As per the Out of India hypothesis, the Páñcajánāḥ tribes were the Proto-Indo-European tribes which had spread the Indo-European languages to the Europe and the rest of Asia from the north-western part of India.  The predecessors of the Páñcajánāḥa/ Aiḷa tribes and the Ikṣvākus were the Pre-Proto-Indo-Europeans who belonged to the Bhiranna eneolithic of Sarasvati-Drishadvati basin. The Aiḷas (Páñcajánāḥa) and the Ikṣvākus had spread to the rest of North India and beyond from the Sarasvati-Drishdavati basin.   This article will focus on the emergence of these Proto-Aryan tribes and their expansion in north India based on literary and Archeological evidences. Some Acronyms :- (i) IE - Indo-European (ii) PIE - Proto-Indo-European (I)  Pre-PIE homeland Eastern Ganga-Valley as the homeland for pre-PIE tribes The Puranic legends point out that the Aiḷa tribes and the Ikṣvākus spread from the modern day Ayodhya-Prayagraj region. This is highly unlikely because the this region
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The Evolution of Hinduism - From Vedic period to Modern era (Part I)

Introduction Hinduism is the oldest living civilizational religion, with over 1.3 billion followers or 15-16% of the global population. Hinduism is also known as ' Sanatan Dharma' ,  although modern usage. Another very important synonymous term for Hinduism is 'Vedic Dharma'. In this blog post I shall be discussing the brief history of Hinduism but before that I must clarify that Hinduism started with the Vedic tradition. It was the Vedic tradition that grew and absorbed various non-Vedic elements from Non-Vedic traditions, which are predominantly found in the post Vedic Hinduism. Before that there were various independent cults across India. The  'Vaidik Dharma' unified these independent primeval traditions and brought them under a single diverse fold – "The Sanatan Umbrella" .   Evolutionary Stages of Hinduism:- Orthodox Hinduism can be classified into the following evolutionary stages/ forms :- 1). Vedicism / ṚgVedic Hinduism (Hinduism of the Early
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